Non-interactive zap ⇒ Zap

Fully-black-box reduction · standard model · folklore · security loss: none

Statement

A non-interactive zap for an $\mathbf{NP}$-complete language is a zap for it whose prover ignores the verifier’s first message: perfect soundness makes every first message one on which no false statement has an accepting answer, and witness indistinguishability holds for every first message because the answer does not depend on it — folklore.