SZK ⊆ IP

SZK is contained in IP.

Statement

Migrated verbatim from statistical-zero-knowledge § Statistical zero-knowledge:

The class of decision problems for which a “yes” answer can be verified by a statistical zero-knowledge proof protocol. In such an interactive proof (see IP), we have a probabilistic polynomial-time verifier, and a prover who has unbounded computational resources.

Notes

source: folklore: the claim carried no citation on the page it was migrated from, and none was invented.

class: unstated: no citing page says which notion of reduction is meant. Recording a class the wiki does not state would add a claim.

class: free because a containment between complexity classes is proved by any argument at all; the reduction-class axis does not discriminate here, and unstated would wrongly suggest the information is missing.

Recorded during migration and not fixed — these are claims about the source text, not changes to it:

  • Definitional: SZK ⊆ IP is implied by ‘in such an interactive proof’ but never stated as a relation. Recorded at low confidence so the edge is not lost.
  • No citation.