Arithmetization + FRI (Fast Reed-Solomon IOP of Proximity) ⇒ SNARK

Arithmetization together with FRI (Fast Reed-Solomon IOP of Proximity) implies SNARK.

Statement

Migrated verbatim from arithmetization § Results:

  • AIR + FRI = STARK; the FRI protocol achieves transparent verification of AIR constraints — BBHR18

Notes

class: unstated: no citing page says which notion of reduction is meant. Recording a class the wiki does not state would add a claim.

Recorded during migration and not fixed — these are claims about the source text, not changes to it:

  • Genuinely conjunctive ({AIR, FRI} STARK) — must not be flattened into two single-hypothesis edges.
  • The bullet bundles a second claim after the semicolon (‘the FRI protocol achieves transparent verification of AIR constraints’), which is a separate property statement.
  • ‘AIR + FRI = STARK’ uses ’=’ for a construction, not an equivalence; migration must not read this as direction ‘equivalent’.
  • Model recorded as ‘rom’ because STARKs are non-interactive via Fiat-Shamir over a hash — the page states no model; treat as inference, not source text.
  • Duplicates the prose claim at line 47.